Description Elementary Statistics: A Step by Step Approach was written as an aid in the beginning statistics course to students whose mathematical background is limited to basic algebra. The book follows a nontheoretical approach without formal profs, explaining concepts intuitively and supporting them with abundant examples. The applications span a broad range of topics certain to appeal to the interests of students of diverse backgrounds, and they include problems in business, sports, health, architecture, education, entertainment, political science, psychology, history, criminal justice, the environment, transportation, physical sciences, demographics, eating habits, and travel and leisure.
While a number of important changes have been made in the seventh edition, the learning system remains untouched and provides students with a useful framework in which to learn and apply concepts. Some of the retained features include the following:
Over 1200 exercises are located at the end of major sections within each chapter.
Hypothesis-Testing Summaries are found at the end of Chapter 9 (z, t, X2, and F tests for testing means, proportions, and variances), Chapter 11 (correlation, chi-square and ANOVA), to show students the different types of hypotheses and the types of tests to use.
A Data Bank listing various attributers (educational level, cholesterol level, gender, etc.) for 100 people and several additional data sets using real data are included and referenced in various exercises and projects throughout the book.
An updated reference card containing the formulas and z, t, X2, and PPMC tables is included with this textbook.
End-of-chapter Summaries, Important Terms, and Important Formulas give students a concise summary of the chapter topics and provide a good source for quiz or test preparation.
Review Exercises are found at the end of each chapter.
Special sections called Data Analysis require students to work with a data set to perform various statistical tests or procedures and then summarize the results.
Chapter quizzes, found at the end of each chapter, include multiple-choice, true-false, and completion questions along with exercises to test students' knowledge and comprehension of chapter content.
The Appendixes provide students with extensive reference tables, a glossary, and answers to all quiz questions and odd-numbered exercises. New to this edition, the additional Online Appendixes include algebra revies, an outline for report writing, Bayes’ theorem, and an alternative method for using the standard normal distribution.
The Applying the Concepts feature is included in all sections and gives students an opportunity to think about the new concepts and apply them to examples and scenarios similar to those found in newspapers, magazines, and radio and television news programs.
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Global Changes
Updated and redesigned the Technology Boxes to reflect the latest technology updates
Over 30 new examples and more than 200 new exercises have been added or revised throughout the book
Design of graphs, photos and art has been revised for clarity
New interior design was incorporated for ease of reading and flow
Matched the odd and even exercises
Chapter 1
Nearly 100 new section exercises have been added
Statistics Today updated
Added new material on sampling and the three types of observational studies
Chapter 2
New subsection on dotplots added
More material on class boundaries added
Statistics Today updated
Chapter 3
New Procedure Table for median added
New Procedure Table for variance and standard deviation added
Summary for Chebyshev’s Theorem added
New Procedure Table for boxplots included
Chapter 4
New subsection for permutations with identical objects added
Chapter 5
New subsection on the geometric probability distribution added
Chapter 6
Improved flow with a shortened introduction
Added new Procedure Table for finding data values for specific probabilities
Chapter 7
Statistics Today updated
Included summary of the Characteristics of the Chi-Square Distribution
Chapter 8
Reorganized Section 8-1 for a better flow
Simplified diagram on stating the conclusion from a hypothesis test
Chapter 9
Expanded explanation of independent samples
Added 20 new exercises
Chapter 10
Statistics Today updated
Revised and Shortened Introduction
Added new information on analyzing scatter plots
Included six new Procedure Tables
Chapter 11
Expanded explanation on finding expected frequencies
Added new material on the Computation of the F test
Added two new figures
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: The Nature of Probability and Statistics
Chapter 2: Frequency Distributions and Graphs
Chapter 3: Data Description
Chapter 4: Probability and Counting Rules
Chapter 5: Discrete Probability Distributions
Chapter 6: The Normal Distribution
Chapter 7: Confidence Intervals and Sample Size
Chapter 8: Hypothesis Testing
Chapter 9: Testing the Difference Between Two Means, Two Proportions, and Two Variances
Chapter 10: Correlation and Regression
Chapter 11: Chi-Square and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Appendix A: Tables
Appendix B: Data Bank
Appendix C: Glossary
Appendix D: Photo Credits
Appendix E: Selected Answers
Allan G Bluman, Community College of Allegheny County